Lab Report Compound Pendulum in Different Medium Sample

Lab Report Compound Pendulum in Different Medium Paper Pendulum in different medium Rural Corselets Oasis Introduction An oscillating object is a mass that follows a pattern that causes the mass to return to its initial position after completing one complete oscillation in a constant certain amount of time. This experiment aims to show how the medium that a simple pendulum is traveling though affects the frequency of the pendulum. Research Question How does the medium that a simple pendulum is traveling though affect the frequency in the simple pendulum and how drastic is theta change? Hypothesis Based on what I know about traveling though different mediums the more optically denser medium will cause more resistance to the pendulum causing it to complete fewer cycles within one second then the less optically dense medium. Variables Controlled: * Length of string between the mass on the pendulum * Amount of medium * Height of pendulum * Degree the mass is lifted too * Mass of pendulums mamas * Weight of pendulums mamas * Start the time at the same time as dropping the mass * Contain only the medium being tested no other contents Independent: type of medium (air, water, classic coke, Faint, Sugar Water) We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Compound Pendulum in Different Medium specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Compound Pendulum in Different Medium specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Compound Pendulum in Different Medium specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Dependent: (T) Time taken for Pendulum to stop at PEE. Materials * Clamp XSL * Stand for clamp XSL * Simple pendulum with a mass of egg XSL * Water tight box of the clamp stand CACM long*2. CM wide* 1 LLC high XSL Protractor XSL * Stopwatch XSL * Material needed to record data XSL * Water 1897. Ml * Ethanol mall * Sun Flower Oil mall * Fruit syrup 632. Ml Method 1. First set up the experiment, this requires you to fill the water tight box you picked out earlier with enough liquid to submerge the pendulum completely, to set up the pendulum, and to put together the compound pendulum on the lamp that will fit well with the water tight box, make sure that the pendulum will be completely submerged, also remember to make sure the syrup water is 50% water and 50% syrup. 2. You will also need to be able to find the density of all of the liquids. This can be done by finding the weight of 100 ml of the liquid in a jar then subtracting the weight of the jar. . Then place the pendulum in front of you and use the protractor to find 135 degrees from the top of the pendulum to the length of the pendulum, while holding only the mass on the pendulum to a 135-degree angle with the retractor starting O at the top of the pendulum. 4. Once you have set that all up and are holding the mass at a 135-degree angle get the stopwatch ready. 5. Then at the same time drop the pendulum from that 135-degree mark and start the stopwatch (try to make sure you drop the pendulum and start the watch at the exact same time as it is crucial to a fair test). . Keep timing the pendulum till it reaches PEE, then stop the stopwatch and write down what you got. Then do it once more in this same medium. You may test this as many times as possible but at least two. 7. Once you have the times written down get the box of liquid and place the pendulum in the water submerging it under the liquid, once you are going to change the liquid be sure to have the box that will contain the liquid to be clean before changing liquids (doing Syrup Water and anything containing sugar before water and ethanol will help clean the pendulum). 8. Once again redo step 2 through 5 for the next three liquids. You may test this as many times as possible but at least three. Remember this is being done for four more different liquids, which can be Ethanol, Water, Oil or Syrup Water. Results Raw data of the Oscillations of a Simple Pendulum in Different Mediums Types of Mediums I Trial one (cycles per 30 seconds) I Trial two (cycles per 30 seconds) I Air | 30 | 30 | water | 25 | 30 | Ethanol | 29 | 27 | Sunflower oil | 16 | 12 | Syrup Water | 22 | 20 | The data in this chart was found in order to get a close to accurate amount of cycles during a period of 30 seconds. It is the raw data that was taken from the experiment. Frequency of the Oscillations of a Simple Pendulum in Different Mediums Types of Mediums I Trial one (cycles per second) (Hertz) I Trial two (cycles per second) (Hertz) I Air | 1. 000 | 1. 000 Water | 0. 833 | 1. 000 | Ethanol | 0. 967 | 0. 900 Sun flower oil | 0. 800 | 0. 600 | syrup water 10. 733 1 0. 667 | Using the raw data to transform it into Frequency so that I can find the answer to my Research question. Dividing the number of cycles by the time spent recording the number of cycles helps u to find this. The Average Frequency of the Oscillations of a Simple Pendulum in Different Mediums Types of Mediums I Average Frequency (cycles per second) I Air | 1. 000 | Water | 0. 916 | Ethanol | 0. 933 | Sun flower oil | 0. 700 | Syrup water | 0. 00 | By adding the two trials then dividing by two because there are two trials you are able to find the average frequency. These results should be as close to accurate as we where able to find with the time and equipment that was available to us. Although there was many things that confused us during the experiment like how in liquid the pendulum acted very different from in air. This graph shows the difference in frequency in the liquids according to the data collected from completing the experiment in respect to the density and it shows how the change in density affects the frequency. There was a huge difference in the amplitude of the liquids and the air because the liquid did start at the same place as air, but we encountered the liquids to have critical damping. Also the water helped to push the mass to start moving again when the energy had traveled though the liquid and reflected back to the mass. The density doesnt seem to match up to the results that might mean that the density doesnt directly affect the frequency. Reliability While conducting the experiment we encountered a massive problem because we constantly noticed that critical damping accord and the mass would barely eve. Although the likely hood that the frequency changed due to this is very low although the wavelength was greatly affected. This critical damping could be the fault of the mass hitting the side of the thin container. Conclusion According to the results we can conclude that the density of the liquid doesnt directly affect the frequency. We cannot conclude the highest density liquid will cause the frequency of the pendulum to decrease. This doesnt support my hypothesis that the higher density mediums will cause more resistance to the pendulum and cause it to have complete fewer cycles within one second. My hypothesis worked in the same way as when you try to walk though a layer of water it become very hard as the water is pushing you back causing a change in frequency, but according to the results that isnt correct because the density doesnt seem to change anything. Evaluation The overall method of the tests where not completely reliable this is because of the critical damping found when the mass traveled though the liquid. One explanation for this is that the mass while traveling though the thin box the mass hit the side of the case because there was almost no room for the mass to ravel though liquid. We tried to counter this effect, but because of the qualities found in water the mass was attracted to the side and would continue to follow this process. To make this a reliable experiment we would have to use different equipment such as the high-speed camera and most importantly a container that is thicker then such a tiny space. The energy is lost because it is put against additional friction from hitting the side of the container, therefore it is proven that in order to complete a fair test the most be a replacement of the container used to hold the different mediums. The tests might not be 100% the added medium because it will always be mixed maybe very little but still be mixed with another medium, this could affect the accuracy of the experiment. Also using more tests will also help in crease the accuracy because then you find a more accurate average answer. Other then that all of the variables where controlled correctly, but that did not take away from the fact that the test was unreliable because of the critical damping. That shouldnt affect the frequency too much because frequency will always be fixed but the hitting could make a slight difference in the frequency.

Tourism Development in China

Tourism Development in China Tourism is a burgeoning industry in China. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), 57.6 million foreign visitors entered the country in 2011, generating over $40 billion dollars in revenue. China is now the third most visited country in the world, behind only France and the United States. However, unlike many other developed economies, tourism is still considered a relatively new phenomenon in China. As the country industrializes, tourism will become one of its primary and fastest growing economic sectors. Based on current UNWTO forecasts, China is expected to become the worlds most visited country by 2020. History of Tourism Development in China Shortly after the Chairmans death, Chinas most famous economic reformist, Deng Xiaoping, opened up the Middle Kingdom to outsiders. Contrary to Maoist ideology, Deng saw the monetary potential in tourism and began to promote it intensely. China quickly developed its own travel industry. Major hospitality and transportation facilities were constructed or renovated. New jobs such as service personnel and professional guides were created, and a National Tourism Association was established. Foreign visitors quickly flocked to this once forbidden destination. In 1978, an estimated 1.8 million tourists entered the country, with the majority coming from neighboring British Hong Kong, Portuguese Macau, and Taiwan. By 2000, China welcomed over 10 million new overseas visitors, excluding the aforementioned three locations. Tourists from Japan, South Korea, Russia, and the United States comprised the largest share of that inbound population. During the 1990s, the Chinese central government also issued several policies to encourage the Chinese to travel domestically, as a means of stimulating consumption. In 1999, over 700 million trips were made by domestic tourists. Outbound tourism by Chinese citizens recently become popular, as well. This is due to a rise in the Chinese middle-class. The pressure presented by this new class of citizens with disposable income has caused the government to ease international travel restrictions greatly. By the end of 1999, fourteen countries, mainly in Southeast and East Asia, were made designated overseas destinations for Chinese residents. Today, over a hundred countries have made it onto Chinas approved destination list, including the United States and many European countries. Since the reform, Chinas tourism industry has registered consistent growth year-after-year. The only period in which the country experienced a decline in inbound numbers are the months following the 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre. The brutal military crackdown of peaceful pro-democracy protestors painted a poor image of the Peoples Republic to the international community. Many travelers ended up avoiding China based on fear and personal morals. Tourism Development in Modern China When China joined the WTO in 2001, travel restrictions in the country were relaxed further. The WTO reduced formalities and barriers for cross-border travelers, and global competition helped cut costs. These changes additionally enhanced Chinas position as a country for financial investment and international business. The rapidly developing business environment has helped the tourism industry prosper. Many businessmen and entrepreneurs often visit popular sites while on their business trips. Some economists also believe the Olympic Games fostered an increase in tourism numbers due to worldwide exposure. The Beijing Games not only put The Birds Nest and Water Cube on center stage but some of Beijings most incredible wonders were displayed as well. Moreover, the opening and closing ceremonies showcased to the world Chinas rich culture and history. Shortly after the conclusion of the games, Beijing held a Tourism Industry Development Conference to present new plans to boost profits by riding the games momentum. At the conference, a multi-year plan was set in place to increase the number of inbound tourists by seven percent. To realize this goal, the government plan on taking a series of measures, including stepping up tourism promotion, develop more leisure facilities, and reduce air pollution. A total of 83 leisure tourism projects were presented to potential investors. These projects and goals, along with the countrys continued modernization will undoubtedly set the touri sm industry on a path of continuous growth into the foreseeable future. Tourism in China has received a major expansion since the days under Chairman Mao. It is no longer uncommon to see the country on the cover of a Lonely Planet or Frommers. Travel memoirs about the Middle Kingdom are on bookstore shelves everywhere, and travelers from all over are now able to share a personal photo of their Asian adventures with the world. It is not surprising that the tourism industry would thrive so well in China. The country is filled with endless wonders. From the Great Wall to the Terracotta Army, and from sprawling mountain valleys to neon metropolises, there is something here for everyone. Forty years ago, no one could have ever predicted how much wealth this country was capable of generating. Chairman Mao certainly didnt see it. And he definitely did not foresee the irony that preceded his death. It is amusing how the man who detested tourism would one day become a tourist attraction, as a preserved body on display for capitalistic gains. References Wen, Julie. Tourism and Chinas Development: Policies, Regional Economic Growth and Ecotourism. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific Publishing Co. 2001.

Fifth Amendment Confessions and Interrogations Research Paper

Fifth Amendment Confessions and Interrogations - Research Paper Example However, Amanda had a right to contest the quality of the drug under the conspiracy count at the time of her sentencing hearing. Before the hearing, she was told that her plea had been accepted and that she was going to face a mandatory minimum sentence in prison for one year for the offence. But if the prosecution could prove that the amount of the cocaine that was involved required five kilograms, that was necessary for longer sentence, she would face a minimum of not less than ten years in prison. During the trial, Amanda was informed that by making the guilty plea, she was relinquishing her Fifth Amendment right that she had the right to remain silent at the time of trial (Berger, 111). During the trial, the District Court heard several testimonies from Amanda’s co-defendants, they testified that the alleged drug amount that Mitchell sales put her above the five-kilogram threshold. Mitchell on the other hand never testified in defence of the charges made by the government regarding the mass of the drug. Her lawyers argued that the mass of the cocaine that was attributed for her sentence purpose was not equivalent to the threshold. But as a result of her pleading guilty, the District Court ruled that Amanda had given up the right of remaining silent on the crimes that were detailed. As a result, the District Court agreed with testimonies given by her co-defendants’ that had put her on the five-kilogram threshold. As a result, a minimum sentence of ten years was mandated (Hickey, 55). It was noted that the failure on testifying had contributed to the decision that was made by the court to accept the very testimonies that were given by her co-defendants. The Court of Appeals affirmed this decision. However, the District Court held that at sentencing, the pleading guilty was not a waiver of privilege. In addition, it held that trial courts might not draw antagonistic inference though the silence of